2. Subject attacks on Estonia capitallyy known as Estonian Cyberwar or Web War 1, refers to a series of cyber aggresses that began April 27, 2007 and deluged websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers and broadcasters, amid the country's row with Russia on some relocation issue of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn.Most of the attacks that had any influence on the general public were distributed denial of service type attacks ranging from single individuals using various low-tech methods like ping floods to expensive rentals of botnets usually used for spam distribution. Spamming of bigger news portals commentaries and defacements including that of the Estonian Reform Party website also occurred.
3. Subsequent to the incident, a criminal investigation was conducted and On 24 January 2008, Dmitri Galushkevich, a student living in Tallinn, was found guilty of participating in the attacks. He was fined 17,500 kroons (approximately US$1,640) for attacking the website of the Estonian Reform Party.So surprisingly,after so much of damge had been done,so much of ministeries websites were defaced,the followup resulted in a single conviction of a Russian Living in ESTONIA.Imagine....one single person from Russia was found responsible for the cyber havoc that Estonia had to face.
4. The net and the cyber world is still in the stage of nascency and there is lots coming ahead for sure in future...like the events surfaced in the movie "Live Free or Die Hard".Every one across the globe today has realized the potential of Cyber warfare.....and the power is immense....anyone who is clear....stands as ONE MAN ARMY.....as cited through one eg above.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-2246
