MY Blog hits : 3,00,000 plus :-)

Exactly about a year back my blog got the 2,00,000th hit and today it is 3,00,000 plus. So I assume an ok traffic since technical blogs do not have the glamorous and mass factor associated....I got into blogging without knowing any thing about traffic and readers and then maintaining a blog when you are working also is at times difficult.This actually means the time you could have spent with your family is being spent on blogging.But then as we say "Purpose is the reason you journey and Passion is the fire that lights your way."...and so has been applicable to me.Simply the passion to study and share IT and experiment with tools and researches has been the force for my energies being put in here.Putting here some past shots and analytics ex Google :

20 Oct 2015

 05 Oct 2013

 02 Nov 2014

FEW STATS STRAIGHT FROM GOOGLE ANALYTICS

Increase over years

 Page  views by countries

 

Page-views by Browsers

 Page  views by Operating Systems

Extracting Username/Passwords from RAM Dump : Volatility Framework makes it Easy

1.  For those of you who have started reading this post coz of the tempting post title claiming extracting username/passwords from a RAM Dump,I must assure you it is possible easily in few steps using Volatility Framework.In the post ahead I have a RAM dump of a Windows 7 OS and I have been able to extract the user names and passwords of these users in three simple steps using Volatility Framework.Well,I will quickly get to the steps with screenshots :

Setup Required

 - Volatility Framework Installed.
[How to Install at http://anupriti.blogspot.in/2015/09/volatility-advanced-memory-forensics.html]

- Taking Ram Dump from Windows
[How to take RAM dump at para 3 of http://anupriti.blogspot.in/2015/09/volatility-command-using-imageinfo-to.html]

Here I am using two commands basically ie hivelist and hashdump

HIVELIST

Hivelist is used to locate the virtual addresses of registry hives in memory, and the full paths to the corresponding hive on disk.

Command Usage

python vol.py --profile=Win7SP0x86 -f /home/cuckoo/Desktop/windows_7_ramdump.raw hivelist

You get a similar output as seen below :

CLICK TO ENLARGE

Note Virtual Address for SYSTEM as highlighted
CLICK TO ENLARGE

Note Virtual Address for SAM as highlighted
CLICK TO ENLARGE

HASHDUMP

Hashdump is used to extract and decrypt cached domain credentials stored in the registry.

Command Usage

To use hashdump, pass the virtual address of the SYSTEM hive as -y and the virtual address of the SAM hive as -s, as shown below:

python vol.py --profile=Win7SP0x86 hashdump -f /home/cuckoo/Desktop/windows_7_ramdump.raw -y 0x8901a360 -s 0x8faff008

Hashdump output seen with user names and NTLM dump
CLICK TO ENLARGE

As we see vide above screen shot we have been able to extract names of users as stalin,VOLA and TILITY with hash of passwords against their names.Now we will decrypt these hashes.

DECRYPTING NTLM hash

Now comes decrypting this hash as we have got vide hashdump above.Hashes can now be cracked using John the Ripper, rainbow tables, etc.Now no need to install these crackers separately.Simply google for online decryptos and you will get the password too.I used this site at http://www.hashkiller.co.uk/ntlm-decrypter.aspx

Screen shots below:

Password extracted is test_1234
CLICK TO ENLARGE

Password extracted is test_123
CLICK TO ENLARGE

Password extracted is test
CLICK TO ENLARGE

So in all two terminal commands running volatility hivelist and hashdump followed by decrypting the hash online will give you the usernames and passwords from the RAM dump.Any queries and questions or advises are most welcome.Thanks

Burp Suite : Configuring the browser and redirecting traffic

1.   Vide my last post about installing Burp Suite here ,now I move ahead to configure your browser in order to redirect all HTTP/S requests through Burp Proxy, instead of the actual target website. In my case here I am configuring a Mozilla Browser with proxy host address to 127.0.0.1 and the proxy port to 8080 , for both HTTP and HTTPS.The typical configuring of browsers is more or less common with major browsers with minor differences in interfaces.Here next I place you screen shots as I surfed a redirected traffic both for http and https via Burp Suite.First steps to configure Mozilla followed by screen shots :

Configuring Mozilla Firefox

- Click Firefox menu and then Preferences.
- In the Advanced options, under the Network tab, click on connection Settings.
- Select Manual proxy configuration.
- Enter the proxy host address as 127.0.0.1 and the proxy port as 8080.
- Select Use this proxy server for all protocols.
- Make sure to remove all exceptions from the No Proxy for field.
- Click OK and close.

2.   So now you have a working installation of Burp Suite and your browser is properly configured to intercept all requests.Now to test go to the browser, enter any http://www.****** site in the address bar and press Enter . If all is well, Burp Proxy should intercept this request. In Burp Suite,go to the Proxy and Intercept tab and verify that the web request is waiting for your approval.Ensure tha the Intercept on button is enabled; click on it and allow the request to transit through Burp by pressing Forward in Burp Suite Interface. Now in the browser, you should see the http page you entered in address bar.

Now try a https site and you are bound to see this warning as seen below in the screenshot.You will be presented with a This Connection is Untrusted page.In such a case, you are required to manually approve the connection by clicking on I Understand The Risks, then Add Exceptions... and Confirm Security Exception. To make sure that Burp Proxy is actually causing the warning, you click on the certificate status View... and see that the certificate belongs to PortSwigger CA as seen below in one screenshot.

 PortSwigger CA certificate

This setup means that Burp Suite is now ready for use as the traffic is being redirected as desired as per configuration....

Burp Suite : Integrated platform for Web Application Security

1.   Burp Suite is an excellent easy-to-use integrated platform for web application security that includes multiple tools seamlessly integrated to test every component and aspect of modern web applications. Whether you need to verify the robustness of your authentication mechanism, the predictability of your session tokens, or the input validation checkpoints present in your application, Burp is often compared to Swiss-army knife for security practitioners since it offers a horde of features . Not only does it allow in-depth manual assessments, but it also combines automated techniques to enumerate and analyze web application resources.Burp has been developed by PortSwigger Ltd. and is available in two editions:

- Burp Free

- Burp Professional

In-fact,the free version is perfect to start for beginners as it contains all the basic tools to find at least few first vulnerabilities.In its simplest way to explain, Burp is a local web proxy that allows to intercept, inspect, and modify HTTP/S requests and responses between the user's browser and the target website. While the user navigates through the web application, the tool acquires details on all visited pages, scripts,parameters, and other components. The traffic between the browser and the server can be eventually visualized, analyzed, modified, and repeated multiple times. The different tools included in Burp Suite can be easily distinguished by the upper tabs:

- Proxy: It allows to intercept and modify all web traffic.

- Target: This tool allows to aggregate all web application resources, thus guiding the user throughout the security test.

- Scanner: A complete web application security scanner, available in the Professional version only.

- Intruder: Burp Intruder allows to customize and automate web requests. 

- Spider: Automatic crawler that can be used to discover new pages and parameters.

- Sequencer: Used for verifying the randomness and predictability of security tokens, cookies, and more.

- Decoder: It allows to encode and decode data using multiple encoding schemes 

- Comparer: A visual diff tool that can be used to detect changes between web pages.

- Repeater: A simple yet powerful tool that can be used to manually modify and re-issue web requests.

How to go about Installation ?

- A minimum disk space of at least 200 MB is required.

- Required memory is at least 1 GB

- Burp Suite works on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux

- Software components: An updated Oracle Java Runtime Environment is required to run Burp Suite. 

Downloading Burp Suite from ?

Download link at http://www.portswigger.net/burp/download.html

In the download folder where typically this file gets downloaded,create a burpsuite folder and mov this file to this folder for executing.

Launching Burp Suite in Linux

At the terminal type the following inside the pwd as the new burpsuite folder u created above :

java -Xmx2g -jar burpsuite_v1.4.01.jar

Volatility Framework Command : Using dlllist - dlldump to extricate DLLfile details

 This post will share an example to run the two volatility terminal commands including dllllist and dlldump  to display a process's loaded DLLs.

Before I proceed ahead,I would assume that you have installed volatility in your Linux system(in my case I am using UBUNTU, Installation explained at my earlier post at http://anupriti.blogspot.in/2015/09/volatility-advanced-memory-forensics.html) and you have a RAM dump of the OS u desire to analyse.In my case here I have taken the RAM dump of a Windows 7 OS as explained here at http://anupriti.blogspot.in/2015/09/volatility-command-using-imageinfo-to.html

dlllist

dlllist is used to display a process's loaded DLLs.DLLs are automatically added to this list when a process calls LoadLibrary (or some derivative such as LdrLoadDll).

vol.py --profile=Win7SP0x86 -f windows7_image.raw dlllist

To display the DLLs for a specific process instead of all processes, there is option to use the switch -p or --pid filter as shown below:

vol.py --profile=Win7SP0x86 -f windows7_image.raw dlllist --pid=1892

To display the DLLs for a process that is hidden or unlinked by a rootkit, first use the psscan to get the physical offset of the EPROCESS object and then:

vol.py --profile=Win7SP0x86 -f windows7_image.raw dlllist --offset=0x04a291a8

(Click on the image to ENLARGE)

dlldump

dlldump command is used to extract a DLL from a process's memory space and dump it to disk for analysis.The syntax is nearly the same as what has been seen earlier with any command.This plugin provisions the following :

- Dump all DLLs from a hidden/unlinked process (with --offset=OFFSET)
- Dump all DLLs from a specific process (with --pid=PID)
- Dump all DLLs from all processes
- Dump a PE from anywhere in process memory (with --base=BASEADDR), this option is useful for extracting hidden DLLs

To specify an output directory, use --dump-dir=DIR or -d DIR.

vol.py --profile=Win7SP0x86 -f windows7_image.raw dlldump --dump-dir output

where output is the name of directory where u get the dll dump

the output directory will be seen as seen below :

More at : https://code.google.com/p/volatility/wiki/CommandReference#dlllist