Print to PDF in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

1.     This is a simple single line of command that u write at the terminal to install a third party app that will install a pdf printer in ur Ubuntu System.

sudo apt-get install cups-pdf

2.     This will be generally handy when u need to print your documents that are ready to print but u don't have a printer installed....actually create a virtual PDF printer on your ubuntu PC that lets you convert all your documents/images/anything into PDFs that you can subsequently send to print as and when u have the facility to print.

3.    Thanks http://ubuntuportal.com

Testing ur Broad Band Speed : The ISP Promise

1.    As a customer you are promised so much from your ISP....and the most important thing an ISP promises a customer is fultu speed...they have various packages and plans to offer that revolve around offering various speeds.But how do u find out if the plan is actually provisioning the speed that u were promised.So there are ...in fact thousands of online tools to give and test your Internet broadband speed.One that I have been a regular follower is the speedtest.net available at http://www.speedtest.net/.

2.   A simple interface that takes less than a minute to get started and conclude with the result.I got the following result for my ISP...and that was as per the promise by ISP....so u can check urs too at the site : http://www.speedtest.net/

Being CCCSP: CDAC Certified Cyber Security Professional

1.     There is no doubt that I have keen interest in cyber security issues and subjects.I stop anywhere I find some thing to read or see articles / videos related to cyber security...always grab opportunities like workshops and seminars that hold related events. But just reading and going through these was not going to be enough to make a small mark in the field.Thus I decided to go for a certification exam.Came across CISSP,CCIE,Comp-TIA etc....which were slightly heavier on pocket :-)...so looked for a Indian version and equivalent that is not only recognized but also accepted in government organisations.So I enrolled for the exam in the month of Dec 2011 last year.....and got the results last week....and I passed....became a CDAC Certified Cyber Security Professional.The list of certified professionals is given at the link http://esikshak.in/eSikshak/professional_certified.html

2.   So in this post I am going to tell you few key features of this informative and excellent course :

- Name : CCCSP ie CDAC Certified Cyber Security Professional

- Duration : 6 months

- Certification Fees : Rs 7500/-

- Conducted By : CDAC,Hyderabad

-  Written test conducted at identified CDAC centres across India.

-   Duration of the test is 2 hours.

-  Two sections, 80% of objective type and 20% of subjective in the examination paper .

- 60% score in each section must required

-  The minimum score to get professional certification on average is 70%.

3.    More details available about this course at http://esikshak.in/eSikshak/help/English/eSikshak/CCCSP.html

4.    The certificate issued by C-DAC on CCCSP (C-DAC Certified Cyber Security Professional) is valid for 3 years from the date of issue. This is introduced, considering the importance of updating on-self on the latest security issues. 

5.   Thanks CDAC,Hyderabad.

Wireless Data Transmission from every Light bulb : HAROLD HAAS

1.   As we always hear,the future is always bright and the present is always keeps waiting to see the future.So here is another bright news for all those intersted in knowing the speeds and media for data transmission in near future(...how near...lets see...m sire most of us willbe able to see this...tech demo is seen in the video).Before I start telling you about what news I am sharing with you here,a quote from Harold Haas,the inventor of this technology :

"Everywhere in a day there is light. Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone. It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight. These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.”

2.    Imagine using your car headlights to transmit data ... or surfing the web safely on a plane, tethered only by a line of sight.Promoting the invent as the D-Light, that uses a mathematical trick called OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) allowing it to vary the intensity of the LED's output at a very fast rate, invisible to the human eye.The signal can be picked up by simple receivers. As of now, Haas is reporting data rates of up to 10 MBit/s per second that is faster than a typical broadband connection), and 100 MBit/s by the end of this year and possibly up to 1 GB in the future.He says: "It should be so cheap that it’s everywhere. Using the visible light spectrum, which comes for free, you can piggy-back existing wireless services on the back of lighting equipment.".Please watch this video from the TED talks by Harold Haas himself wherein he explains the technology behind in brief and shows the demo to the live audience.Simply jaw dropping for me...:-)

3.    In addition to this researchers in Germany have created the first white-light data links, which they claim can transfer information at rates up to 800 Mb s–1. The team has demonstrated a simplified version of the technology in an office building, where it managed to broadcast four high-definition video streams from overhead lights.

4.   Thanks http://www.ted.com/speakers/harald_haas.html and http://physicsworld.com

Cloud Threat : Malicious Insiders

1.   A lesser known fact but a serious threat comes in form of a malicious insider ie the people who work for the organisation delivering the cloud services.In a typical organisation,one malicious insider can put the company in serious trouble and embarassment unless all are monitored by placing strict access controls and policies.Thus the threat multifolds in capacity of doing damage in case of companies who offer cloud models as service since all services and customers under a single management domain, combined with a general lack of transparency into provider process and procedure. For example, a provider may not reveal how it grants employees access to physical and virtual assets, how it monitors these employees, or how it analyzes and reports on policy compliance.To complicate matters, there is often little or no visibility into the hiring standards and practices for cloud employees. This kind of situation clearly creates an attractive opportunity for an adversary — ranging from the hobbyist hacker, to organized crime, to corporate espionage, or even nation-state sponsored intrusion. The level of access granted could enable such an adversary to harvest confidential data or gain complete control over the cloud services with little or no risk of detection. 

2.   Recommendations by CSA are put up below :

-  Enforce strict supply chain management and conduct a comprehensive supplier assessment.

-  Specify human resource requirements as part of legal contracts.

-  Require transparency into overall information security and management practices, as well as compliance reporting.

-   Determine security breach notification processes.

3.   Thanks CSA

Cloud Threat : Unknown risk profile

1.    The best thing all of us like and promote about cloud is that we have very little and reduced investment in software and hardware and also that the cloud user is able to focus on his core business.Like for a bank he should not be worried about what server should he buy or what storage should he provision...the bank should be able to focus on how to improve the banking procedures and profits.So this way the distraction is less for the prime user.But at the same time these benefits must be weighed carefully against the contradictory security concerns which are complicated by the fact that cloud deployments are driven by anticipated benefits, by groups who may lose track of the security requirements and musts.Would ever the Bank,in an case example,bother to know the Versions of software, code updates, security practices, vulnerability profiles, intrusion attempts, and security design ?I am sure no bank would do that once they have outsourced their worries to the Cloud.Details and Information with whom the same infrastructure is being shared becomes critical.One loose hole and u get compromised.Although this is not so easy....but we should know that the cyber criminals and hackers work more then us to keep all of us on toes and if successful then on Knees:-)

2. An old, 2009, real case example exploiting this specific threat is available at http://www.pcworld.com/article/158038/heartland_has_no_heart_for_violated_customers.html

3.  Recommendations by CSA :

-  Disclosure of applicable logs and data.

-  Partial/full disclosure of infrastructure details (e.g., patch levels, firewalls, etc.).

-  Monitoring and alerting on necessary information.

4.  Thanks https://cloudsecurityalliance.org

Cloud Threat : Insecure Interfaces and APIs

1.    How does a typical cloud user interacts,manages and configures his cloud ? This interaction is achieved with Cloud Computing providers exposing the user to a set of software interfaces or APIs.Thus the overall demand,settings,managing and all configuration is achieved using this interface and APIs only.Thus comes the aspect of security of handling and designing these interfaces and APIs.The security and availability of ANY cloud service is dependent upon the security of these basic APIs. From authentication and access control to encryption and activity monitoring, these interfaces must be designed to protect against both accidental and malicious attempts to circumvent policy.Not only this,but all the third parties often build upon these interfaces to offer value-added services to their customers. This introduces the complexity of the new layered API.The recommended remediation's vide CSA are mentioned below :

- Analyze the security model of cloud provider interfaces.

- Ensure strong authentication and access controls are implemented in concert with encrypted transmission.

- Understand the dependency chain associated with the API

2.   Thanks CSA : CLOUD SECURITY ALLIANCE

Cloud Threat : Shared Technology Issues

1.   When a computer processor is designed/manufactured...viz core 2 Duo or quad-core processor or for this purpose any processor,the processor doesn't know what will it be finally used for....I mean it may be used as a standalone machine or a server machine!!!Here's the issue..ie this processor was not meant to be used for cloud....but how does this matter?This matter because from the security point of view this processor was meant to support strong ISOLATION properties which is not the case in routine manufacturing.Only dependent on the hypervisors for the regular interface as discussed at an earlier post here.In cases of cloud we have to handle two platforms ..one is the OS running like windows or any other OS which comes along with inbuilt and already exploited vulnerabilities that keep getting patched(what about Zero day???) and the other is hypervisor vulnerabilities(just google on hypersvisor vulnerabilities and u see what's in store to get surprised).Both of these combined together would be deadly if not taken care of...because in the cloud world, reacting to a damage would be like taking some one to hospital after an accident or a bomb blast whereas it should be the other way round....remove all possibilities of the accident and ensure 100% secure Areas....latter being too tough to imagine in current environment.

2.   I read about this few years back when I was not very much clear on Cloud Computing concepts(though still naive but better then past!!! :-),there was an incident involving a hypervisor breach that was not widely publicized.Now if u know about XBox 360(is a video game console developed by Microsoft that competes with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii),it has an embedded hypervisor (surprisingly not Hyper-V),so it was some time in 2007, that there was a documented buffer overflow vulnerability in this hypervisor which could be exploited to gain access to the hypervisor mode and thus, to the entire system. Microsoft immediately released a patch for this.Now unlike regular Windows OS Option, patches are not optional for Xbox users. Thus,the patch was applied the next time a user connected to Xbox Live or installed a new game. Proof of concepts quickly appeared that exploited the hypervisor vulnerability as well as online documentation on how people have used the Xbox “hypervisor exploit” to crack their systems.(...got this info from http://blogs.gartner.com/neil_macdonald/2009/02/20/hypervisor-attacks-in-the-real-world/)

3.   Thus arises a need for strong secured compartments to ensure that the individual cloud users are not compromised in a manner that would ensure unmanageable losses in monitory terms as well as brand devaluation.The CSA gives the following point wise remidiation format for designing the policy boundaries to counter Shared Technology Issues : 

-  Promote strong authentication and access control for administrative access and operations.

-  Monitor environment for unauthorized changes/activity.

-  Enforce service level agreements for patching and vulnerability remediation.

-  Implement security best practices for installation/configuration.

-  Conduct vulnerability scanning and configuration audits.

Cloud Computing : The Darker Side

1.            Cloud computing…the word has generated enough buzz already across the corporate…the techies…the possibilities in future but all this comes at a backend question on security. If there is one thing that stops 80% of possible users using this powerful technology,it is only one aspect of it and that’s SECURITY….The question that comes in an auto mode to any possible cloud service enthusiast like how safe will be my data stored with them…even if its private who controls the key generation algorithms code…who is the single point of contact and so many…but perhaps evry question on this comes under one umbrella by the name of SECURITY…..

2.            So …are they right in thinking so?…when a technology that’s coming up so strong and so globally accepted  is it possible that the giant rise comes without an inbuilt security module? Actually it goes like right they are…the users…their fears stand right when they think about their data ownership.Released by https://cloudsecurityalliance.org,  in Dec 2010,they have identified few imminent threats in the sphere of cloud computing which they have meticulously covered under few major heads as identified below.These are not in the sequence of severity of threat as no seniority levels in this have been identified by the CSA.The original version of this paper by the Cloud Security Aalliance is at https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/topthreats/csathreats.v1.0.pdf

Threat  1: Shared Technology Issues

Threat  2: Insecure Interfaces and APIs

Threat  3: Unknown Risk Profile

Threat  4: Malicious Insiders

Threat  5: Data Loss or Leakage

Threat  6: Abuse and Nefarious Use of Cloud Computing

Threat  7: Account or Service Hijacking

3.            Each of these security threats, I plan to discuss further in other posts within the week or as I am able to spare time….read some from CSA and put it in the manner I understand that.Thanks https://cloudsecurityalliance.org

Bulk SMS Ban : Carry on India

1.    The government has recently banned bulk SMS and MMS messages for 15 days in view of the exodus of people from the northeast from cities like Bangalore, Pune and Hyderabad, following rumours that they would be attacked.

2.    Now how do u feel about this ban?...do u think it is going to be effective?.....certainly not if it were actually the bulk sms that did the damage.Does'nt the govt know about various sites offering these services of bulk sms for free on a simple registration? or do they not know about various smart phones applications that can still send bulk sms via a different mode.Is it not known to them that this ban is going to be effective for pre paid owners only?....and not for post paid owners.

3.    These orders come like axing the problem instead of putting in efforts to manage it. Read the following paragraph@http://www.hindustantimes.com

"The five-SMS-per-day cap is adversely affecting a group of unsuspecting victims, the hearing impaired.A deaf individual sends up to 250 messages per day on an average as it is their only mode of conversation. "The five SMS cap is a real pain for us. It is the only way I can stay in touch with my family or friends when I go to college. If I want to have a proper conversation with someone, I have to send at least 50 messages. It is easy for people who can call and stay in touch. For us, this is the only mode that boosts our mobility. It is insensitive of the government to discount the deaf community when they take these decisions," said Mahesh P, a hearing impaired Delhi University student."

4.   Everi one knows that it is wrong...it is not effective...but hey come on ...carry on INDIA....it is just another passe...